Maxilla Structure · Farkas + Rohrich Referenced

Maxilla bone structure

RealSmile Research Team · Facial Analysis Specialists
Updated May 16, 2026
Based on 5 peer-reviewed sources
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Forward maxillary projection lifts the midface and shortens the apparent lower third. The scan estimates where your maxilla sits on a profile-derived percentile against Farkas-normed references.

Three of the 17 metrics map to maxillary projection. The report tags which are soft-tissue modifiable and which are surgically gated.

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What the maxilla actually does

The maxilla is the largest bone in the midface. It is paired (left and right halves fuse at the intermaxillary suture in early development), holds the upper teeth, forms the floor of the orbit and the lateral nasal wall, and provides the skeletal support for the cheekbone complex above and the upper lip below. Anything that influences the midface contour passes through the maxillary position.

Forward maxillary projection (sometimes called forward growth) lifts the midface upward and outward, supports cheekbone projection from underneath, shortens the apparent vertical lower third, and prevents the soft tissue under the eyes from pooling. Recessed maxillary position (maxillary hypoplasia) drops the midface support, flattens the cheekbones, lengthens the apparent lower third, and often associates with a tired-looking eye area and a pronounced lower jaw relative to the midface.

The reference standards for maxillary position come from two sources. Farkas 1994 (Anthropometry of the Head and Face) compiled cephalometric and surface anthropometric norms across populations. Rohrich and Pessa 2008 (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery) documented the midfacial fat compartments that overlay the bony maxilla and contribute to perceived projection. The scan uses Farkas-derived profile geometry as its reference frame.

The three metrics that estimate maxillary projection

Midface ratio

Vertical proportion of the middle third of the face (nasion to nose base, divided by total face height). Forward maxilla compacts this ratio; recessed maxilla elongates it. Farkas-normed reference distribution.

Cheekbone projection

Forward-and-outward extension of the zygomatic complex, which sits on top of the maxillary support structure. High projection correlates with forward maxillary growth; flat or indented paranasal areas correlate with recession.

Mandibular plane angle

Lower jaw angle off horizontal in left-profile photos. Inversely correlates with maxillary projection in the profile photo. Steeper angles often indicate the midface is dropping while the chin is doing structural work alone.

Paranasal contour (proxy)

Surface contour around the alar base and the lateral nose. Flat or indented contours suggest maxillary hypoplasia; full or supportive contours suggest forward projection. Estimated from profile photo geometry.

Upper lip support

Vertical position of the upper lip relative to the lower lip in profile. Maxillary recession often causes the upper lip to fall behind the lower; forward projection brings it forward.

Eye area tiredness (proxy)

Pooling of soft tissue under the eyes that often correlates with weak maxillary support of the orbital floor. A confound metric, not a primary maxillary measurement.

What is modifiable and what is not

The bony maxillary position is fixed in adults outside of orthognathic surgery (LeFort I advancement for severe maxillary retrusion). The soft-tissue presentation over the underlying skeleton is meaningfully modifiable. Body fat reduction sharpens the apparent midface contour by removing the soft layer that smooths over the bone. Posture work (chin-tucked neutral) lifts the head and reveals more of the midface in profile. Lip seal correction prevents the chronic mouth-breathing posture that drops the perceived midface support.

The report explicitly tags each maxilla-adjacent metric as structural (surgically gated) or soft-tissue (modifiable in 60 to 90 days), so the prescription lands on the right slab. Most users score above what their cephalometric position would predict because soft-tissue work alone can lift the visible composite by 5 to 10 percentile points.

Honest limits

Maxilla bone structure FAQ

What does the maxilla actually do for facial structure?+
The maxilla is the paired upper jaw bone that holds the upper teeth and forms the floor of the orbit, the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and the bulk of the midface skeletal structure. Forward maxillary projection lifts the midface, supports the cheekbones, and shortens the apparent lower third. Recessed maxillary position (maxillary hypoplasia) flattens the midface, drops the cheekbone support, lengthens the apparent lower third, and often associates with an indented look around the paranasal area. Farkas anthropometric atlas (Farkas 1994, Anthropometry of the Head and Face) is the reference standard for maxillary position measurements in the perception literature.
How is forward growth measured?+
In clinical orthodontics it is measured cephalometrically using SNA angle (the angle between sella, nasion, and A-point, the deepest point on the anterior maxilla), with normative values around 82 degrees plus or minus 2 in adult Caucasian males per Rohrich and Pessa 2008. Below 80 degrees is considered maxillary retrusion. Outside the orthodontic clinic, the maxillary position is estimated from a left-profile photo by measuring the angle between the forehead, the most projecting point of the cheekbone area, and the chin. The scan returns a percentile estimate of this profile-derived projection.
Can adults change their maxilla position?+
Skeletally, no, outside of orthognathic surgery (LeFort I or LeFort II maxillary advancement). The maxilla is a paired bone fused to the skull base and does not move under voluntary intervention in adults. What does move with intervention is the soft-tissue presentation over the underlying skeleton. Body fat reduction, lip seal correction, posture work, and cheekbone-supportive grooming can shift the apparent midface projection by a meaningful percentile range without touching the bone underneath.
Does mewing move the maxilla in adults?+
No adult RCT supports skeletal maxillary change from tongue posture alone. The orthotropics framework (which mewing is downstream of) operates on the premise that consistent palatal pressure can influence palatal width during the growth window in children, where the maxillary sutures have not yet fused. In adults the sutures are fused and the bony framework does not respond to the same input. Soft-tissue effects (submental tightening, posture correction, lip seal) are documented; bony maxillary change is not.
What does maxillary hypoplasia look like in a photo?+
Common signs in a left-profile photo: flat or indented paranasal area, weak cheekbone projection, downturned eye area giving a tired appearance, long lower third, soft tissue pooling under the eyes, and a forward chin position that exaggerates the lower jaw relative to the midface. Severity varies; mild cases register only on cephalometric measurement, while severe cases are visible in any neutral photo.
What does the scan return for maxilla-related metrics?+
Three of the 17 metrics map directly to maxillary projection: midface ratio (vertical proportion of the middle third), cheekbone projection (forward-and-outward extension of the zygomatic complex), and mandibular plane angle (lower jaw angle off horizontal, which inversely correlates with maxillary projection in the profile photo). The composite plus the per-metric breakdown gives you a percentile estimate of your forward-growth position relative to a reference distribution.
What does the $14.99 report add for this topic?+
Per-metric percentile bands against the Farkas-normed reference distribution, structural-vs-soft-tissue tagging (so you know which of the maxilla-adjacent metrics are surgically gated versus modifiable through soft-tissue work), and a written paragraph on whether your specific midface profile would meaningfully benefit from a referral to an orthognathic consultation. Five rescan slots included.

Soft-tissue work can lift the visible midface by 5 to 10 points. See what is in play.

Surgical-vs-soft-tissue split for your midface.

The $14.99 Looksmax Report tags each maxilla-adjacent metric as surgically gated or modifiable, names the two dragging your composite, and prescribes work ordered by expected impact.

Estimate your maxillary position

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